{"id":6764,"date":"2026-08-27T12:59:42","date_gmt":"2026-08-27T12:59:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cartapro.pl\/?p=6764"},"modified":"2026-08-27T12:59:42","modified_gmt":"2026-08-27T12:59:42","slug":"acid-free-board-for-storing-books-and-archival-folders-how-to-properly-store-old-books","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cartapro.pl\/en\/tektura-bezkwasowa-do-przechowywania-ksiazek-i-teczki-archiwalne-jak-prawidlowo-przechowywac-stare-ksiazki\/","title":{"rendered":"Acid-free board for storing books and archival folders \u2013 how to store old books properly"},"content":{"rendered":"

Old books do not deteriorate because they are old. They deteriorate because they are stored in poor conditions and in poor packaging. Paper reacts to acids, moisture, light and temperature for decades before damage becomes visible to the naked eye. Find out how to store old books properly. Also, learn the most important information about acid-free cardboard for storing books and archival folders.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why is acid-free cardboard for book storage the standard in collection archiving and conservation?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

How do acids affect paper?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Standard cardboard contains lignins and organic acids, which migrate into paper over time. This process is called acidification and leads to the yellowing, brittleness, and disintegration of cards. Acid-free cardboard is devoid of these compounds \u2013 its pH is at least 7.0, and in buffered versions it reaches 8.5 or more. The alkaline buffer neutralises acids penetrating from the outside, for example from polluted air.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Why are acid-free materials the archival standard?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Archival standards applied by national libraries, museums and state archives require precisely these kinds of materials. It is not about the aesthetics of the packaging, but about the chemical neutrality of the substrate in contact with the object. Every acid-free folder, every archival box and every interleaving sheet must meet the same requirements \u2013 a single acidic item will destroy an entire collection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When is it worth using acid-free cardboard?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

For collectors and private librarians, the rule is the same as for professionals. If a book has historical, sentimental or financial value, the packaging must be acid-free. There is no compromise here.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acid-free folder, archival box or protective cardboard \u2013 which solution to choose for a specific type of book?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The choice of packaging format depends on the condition of the book, its size and the planned method of storage. Each of these solutions has a different application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Use of an acid-free folder<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

An acid-free folder works well for books that are regularly consulted or made available. It protects against dust and mechanical damage while allowing quick access. Folders are also used for storing loose leaves, maps pasted into volumes or documents accompanying collections. The material of the folder should be soft, flexible and free of plasticisers \u2013 rigid plastics can damage the binding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Use of an archival box<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

An archival box provides fuller protection. The closed construction isolates the object from humidity fluctuations, dust and light. Boxes are used for long-term storage, especially when books are not regularly removed. For very valuable items, the box can be lined on the inside with acid-free tissue paper or polyethylene foam, which cushions against shocks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Use of protective cardboard<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Protective board in the form of sheets or dividers is used to separate items inside a box or folder. It prevents the transfer of acids between adjacent volumes and protects cover surfaces from abrasion. Sheets of acid-free board are placed between books when they are stored horizontally or when several copies are put into a single box.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For books in poor condition \u2013 with brittle pages, a damaged binding or traces of mould \u2013 an archival box with custom padding is the best solution. A folder will not provide sufficient mechanical stability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How to choose the size of an acid-free folder and archival box to effectively protect books from damage?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Why does packaging size matter?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The packaging size has a direct impact on the effectiveness of protection. Packaging that is too large allows the object to move around inside. This leads to chafing and deformation of the spine. Packaging that is too small puts pressure on the covers and can cause the binding to crack.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rule for choosing the size is simple: the packaging should be larger than the book by 1-2 cm in every dimension. Such a space allows the item to be inserted and removed freely without strain, while at the same time eliminating excessive movement inside the box.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How to correctly measure a book?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

When choosing an acid-free folder, the height, width and thickness of the volume are measured. The thickness is the deciding factor here \u2013 the folder must close without pressure on the covers. If the book has raised decorative elements, metal fittings or hinges, these dimensions must also be taken into account when selecting the packaging.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When to choose a custom-sized archival box?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Archival boxes are manufactured in formats corresponding to standard document and book sizes, but for non-standard collections, it is worth opting for custom-sized boxes. For a collection consisting of volumes of various formats, it is better to use several box sizes rather than cramming the objects into a single, overly large container.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How to store books horizontally?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

For horizontal storage \u2013 recommended for large-format books or damaged bindings \u2013 the box should have a depth corresponding to the thickness of the planned stack. The stack should not exceed 30 cm in height, as the bottom copies may become deformed under the weight of the top ones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Archival materials for book conservation \u2013 what accessories are worth using in addition to acid-free board?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Acid-free board is the foundation, but a complete conservation system requires several additional elements. Archival conservation materials encompass a wider set of accessories, each of which serves a specific function.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acid-free tissue paper<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Acid-free tissue paper is used for interleaving pages, filling space inside boxes and wrapping objects before placing them in packaging. It absorbs excess moisture and prevents surfaces from sticking together. It is used for books with illustrations, photographs or gilding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Polythene film and bags<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Polyethylene film and PE bags without plasticisers protect against dust and moisture during short-term storage or transport. The film should be permeable to water vapour or the object must be dry before packaging \u2013 tightly sealing a damp book accelerates mould growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Archival tapes and labels<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Archival tapes and acid-free labels make it possible to label packaging without the risk of acid migration from the adhesive. Ordinary adhesive tapes and self-adhesive labels contain substances that over time penetrate the packaging and damage the object.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Moisture absorbers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Moisture absorbers, for example silica gel in sachets, are placed inside archival boxes when storage conditions are not ideal. The gel absorbs excess moisture and maintains a stable humidity level inside the packaging. It requires regular regeneration or replacement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Archival foam for book stabilisation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Polyethylene foam and archival sponges are used for supporting and stabilising irregularly shaped objects. They are used for books with damaged bindings that require support in a specific position.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What storage conditions for old books ensure the longest lifespan of the collection?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Even the best packaging cannot replace proper environmental conditions. Temperature, humidity, light and air quality affect the durability of paper regardless of how well it is packaged.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Optimum storage temperature<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The storage temperature should be stable and range between 15-18\u00b0C. Higher temperatures accelerate chemical reactions leading to paper degradation. Temperature fluctuations are just as harmful as high levels \u2013 every change causes materials to expand and contract. This generates mechanical stress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is the best humidity for old books?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Relative humidity should be between 45 and 55%. If it is too low, the paper dries out and becomes brittle. If it is too high, it encourages the growth of mould and fungi, which damage both the paper and the leather bindings. Humidity levels remaining above 65% for an extended period create conditions in which mould begins to grow actively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How to protect books from light?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Light, particularly ultraviolet light, causes inks to fade and paper to yellow. Collections should be stored in the dark or under UV-free lighting. Windows in archive rooms should be covered or fitted with UV filters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why does air quality matter?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Air quality matters for long-term storage. Pollutants, such as sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, react with paper and accelerate its acidification. Archival rooms should be ventilated, but with air filtration. Storing collections near combustion sources, varnishes or cleaning agents is a mistake.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Which bookcases are best suited for storing books?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Shelves and bookcases should be made of metal or wood coated with acid-free paint. Unfinished wood, especially oak and pine, releases organic acids that damage paper. The bottom shelf should be at least 10 cm above the floor to protect the collection from flooding in the event of a plumbing failure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Most common mistakes when storing books in folders and archival boxes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Mistakes made during the storage of collections usually stem from a lack of knowledge regarding the properties of materials or from economising on packaging.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Using standard folders and greyboard boxes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Using ordinary folders and boxes made from binding board is the most common mistake. Such cardboard contains acids that migrate into the paper and accelerate its degradation. The effects are visible after a few years \u2013 yellow stains on the pages and paper brittleness near the edges of the packaging.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Packing damp or insufficiently dried books<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Packing damp or insufficiently dried books leads to mould growth within a few weeks. Before placing them in packaging, each item should be dry and at room temperature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Packing books too tightly on shelves without wrappers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Packing books too tightly on shelves without wrappers causes deformation of the spines and damage to the bindings. Books should stand vertically, supported on both sides, without lateral pressure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Storage of collections in cellars and attics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Storing collections in cellars and attics often stems from a lack of space, but results in severe damage. Cellars are exposed to moisture and flooding, attics to extreme temperature fluctuations. Neither of these places meets basic archival requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lack of descriptions on the packaging<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

A lack of descriptions on the packaging makes collection management difficult and leads to unnecessary opening of boxes in search of a specific item. Every package should have a label with basic information about the contents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mixing objects in different states of preservation in a single packaging<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Mixing objects in varying states of preservation in a single container can lead to the transfer of mould or insects to healthy specimens. Objects requiring conservation should be stored separately, ideally in quarantine, until assessed by a conservator.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How to create a secure book archiving system using acid-free cardboard and professional packaging?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Effective archiving is not a one-off action, but a system that operates for years without the need for constant intervention. It is built in stages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Condition assessment of collections<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The first step is to assess the condition of the collection. Each book should be checked for mechanical damage, traces of dampness, mould and the presence of insects. Items requiring conservation are set aside, and the rest go into the archiving system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Packaging selection<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The second step is the selection of packaging. For each volume, an appropriate format is chosen \u2013 an acid-free folder, an archival box, or a combination of both. The size is fitted individually, with a 1-2 cm margin. Inside the boxes, dividers made of acid-free cardboard or tissue paper are placed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Description of packaging<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The third step is to describe the packaging. The labels should include at least the title, author, release date and shelfmark or inventory number. The description is placed on the outside of the box, in a place visible without having to take it off the shelf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arrangement of collections on shelves<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The fourth step is arranging the collections on the shelves. The boxes are placed spine-forward so that the label is visible. Books without boxes stand vertically, supported by bookends. Heavier volumes are placed horizontally on the lower shelves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Condition monitoring<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The fifth step is monitoring conditions. A thermometer and hygrometer in the archive room allow you to track temperature and humidity. It is worth recording the readings once a week to detect anomalies before they cause damage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regular collection audit<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The sixth step is regular collection inspection. Once a year, each package should be opened and checked for signs of moisture, mould, insects and deformation. Desiccants are replaced or regenerated. Damaged packaging is replaced with new.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A system built on these principles protects collections for decades. Acid-free book storage boards, archival folders and archival boxes are an investment whose effects are measured over time \u2013 the earlier it is undertaken, the more can be saved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How to store old books correctly \u2013 FAQ<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Does every old book require acid-free board?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    If a book has historical, sentimental or financial value, it is worth storing it in packaging made of acid-free cardboard. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Why is acid-free cardboard for book storage better than regular cardboard?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      It contains no acids that accelerate the yellowing, crumbling and degradation of paper. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • When to choose an acid-free folder and when an archival box?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        The folder is suitable for frequently used books, whereas the box provides better protection during long-term storage. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • How to choose the right packaging size?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          The packaging should be larger than the book by about 1\u20132 cm in each dimension to protect it from damage. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          • Under what conditions is it best to store old books?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            Ideally at a temperature of 15\u201318\u00b0C, with a relative humidity of 45\u201355%, away from UV light and sources of contamination.
            <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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